Juan A. Rodriguez

PublicAcquisitionMerger

target

Monsanto Co

bidder

Bayer

£48,040m

133 dealmakers

Medical Equipment

PublicAcquisition

target

The Spectranetics Corporation

bidder

Philips

value n/a

9 dealmakers

GermanyGermany

Railroad Equipment

PublicMboPrivate Equity

target

Vtg

bidder

Morgan Stanley Capital Partners

£1,553m

40 dealmakers

Containers and Packaging

PrivateAcquisition

target

Indevco Management Resources

bidder

Ds Smith

£572m

20 dealmakers

Italy

DisposalPrivatePrivate EquityPrivate Equity

target

Magneti Marelli

bidder

Calsonic Kansei Corporation

£4,984m

48 dealmakers

Belgium

Aerospace

PrivateAcquisitionMajorityCross Border

target

Asco Industries

bidder

Spirit Aerosystems Holdings

£307m

12 dealmakers

Brewers

AcquisitionPublic

target

Diageo

bidder

Sazerac Company

value n/a

11 dealmakers

PrivateDisposalPrivate EquityAcquisitionMajority

target

Johnson Controls International (power Solutions Business)

bidder

Brookfield Asset Management

£10,280m

76 dealmakers

BelgiumCzechia

Diversified Industrials

PrivateAcquisition

target

Tower International

bidder

Financiere Snop Dunois

value n/a

15 dealmakers

Electronic Equipment: Other

PrivateAcquisitionPrivate Equity

target

Astrodyne Holding Corp.

bidder

Tinicum

value n/a

9 dealmakers

AcquisitionMajorityPublicDomestic

target

Kite Pharma

bidder

Gilead Sciences

£9,302m

24 dealmakers

Renewable Energy Equipment

AcquisitionPrivatePrivate Equity

target

Japan Renewable Energy

bidder

Gic Private

value n/a

1 dealmaker

Telecommunications Services: Other

PublicAcquisition

target

Bamtech

bidder

The Walt Disney Company

£508m

6 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivatePrivate Equity

Life Insurance

target

Rothesay Life

bidder

Gic Private

value n/a

4 dealmakers

PrivateAcquisitionPrivate EquityMajorityDomestic

Food Products

target

BAKEMARK

bidder

Pamplona Capital Management

value n/a

5 dealmakers

Business Process Outsourcing

AcquisitionPrivate

target

Diebold Uk Business

bidder

Cennox Group

value n/a

4 dealmakers

Distillers and Vintners

AcquisitionPrivate

target

Casamigos Spirits Co

bidder

Diageo

value n/a

7 dealmakers

Farming Fishing Ranching and Plantations

PrivateAcquisition

target

Kongskilde Industries

bidder

Cnh Industrial

value n/a

1 dealmaker

Private EquityAcquisitionPrivatePrivate EquityMajority

Hotels and Motels

target

B&b Hotels

bidder

Goldman Sachs (merchant Banking Division)

£1,665m

46 dealmakers

Automobiles

PublicMerger

target

Groupe Renault

bidder

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

£27,522m

17 dealmakers

Private EquityPrivateAcquisitionPrivate EquityMajority

Insurance Brokers

target

Aston Lark

bidder

Goldman Sachs (merchant Banking Division)

value n/a

19 dealmakers

PrivatePrivate EquityAcquisitionPrivate EquityMajority

Medical Equipment

target

Press Ganey Holdings

bidder

Ares Management

£3,151m

57 dealmakers

Private EquityPrivateAcquisitionMajority

Clothing and Accessories

target

POLARTEC

bidder

Milliken & Company

value n/a

20 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivateMajority

target

Pcm

bidder

Insight Enterprises

£456m

22 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivate EquityPrivateVenture CapitalPrivate EquityMajority

Education Services

target

TURNITIN

bidder

Advance Publications Inc.

value n/a

8 dealmakers

Turkey

Digital Services

AcquisitionPrivate

target

Hurriyet Emlak

bidder

Goldman Sachs

value n/a

4 dealmakers

Canada

Security Services

Private EquityPrivateAcquisitionPrivate EquityMajority

target

Gardaworld Security Corporation

bidder

Bc Partners

£2,059m

51 dealmakers

PrivateMajorityAcquisitionCross Border

Electrical Components

target

Cooper Lighting

bidder

SIGNIFY

£1,043m

23 dealmakers

FranceItaly

Automobiles

AcquisitionMergerPublicDomesticPrivate Equity

target

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

bidder

Psa Group

£22,887m

228 dealmakers

MajorityAcquisitionPrivatePrivate Equity

Medical Equipment

target

Colson Medical Companies

bidder

Marmon Holdings

value n/a

12 dealmakers

Russian Federation

Apparel Retailers

PrivateMinorityAcquisitionPrivate Equity

target

FAMILIA

bidder

Tjx Companies

£174m

10 dealmakers

PrivateAcquisitionMajority

Semiconductors

target

Panasonic (semiconductor Bussines)

bidder

Nuvoton Technology Corporation

£194m

13 dealmakers

South KoreaSouth Korea

E-commerce

MajorityPrivateAcquisitionVenture CapitalDisposalCross BorderPrivate Equity

target

Woowa Brothers Corp

bidder

Delivery Hero

£3,039m

55 dealmakers

Italy

PrivateAcquisitionMajorityCross Border

target

TEKSID

bidder

Tupy

£178m

64 dealmakers

CroatiaUnited Arab Emirates

Recreational Services

PrivatePrivate EquityAcquisitionMajorityCross Border

target

D-marin (mediterranean & Uae Business)

bidder

Cvc Capital Partners

£312m

48 dealmakers

MajorityPrivateAcquisitionPrivate EquityCross BorderDisposal

Machinery: Industrial

target

Thyssenkrupp (elevator Technology Business)

bidder

Cinven

£13,012m

156 dealmakers

AcquisitionMajorityPrivateDomesticPrivate Equity

Aerospace

target

Consolidated Aerospace Manufacturing

bidder

Stanley Black & Decker

£1,151m

55 dealmakers

MajorityPublicAcquisitionCross BorderMerger

target

Navistar International Corporation

bidder

Traton

£2,810m

73 dealmakers

MajorityPrivateAcquisitionDisposalCross BorderJoint Venture

target

Yanfeng Global Automotive Interior Systems

bidder

Yanfeng Automotive Interiors

£291m

28 dealmakers

UruguayChile

Clothing and Accessories

AcquisitionMajorityPrivateCross Border

target

Nike (argentina, Brazil, Chile And Uruguay Operations)

bidder

Grupo Axo

£163m

54 dealmakers

Turkey

E-commerce

MinorityPrivate EquityAcquisitionPrivateCross Border

target

MODANISA

bidder

Goldman Sachs (merchant Banking Division)

value n/a

40 dealmakers

Private EquityPrivateMajorityAcquisition

Real Estate Services

target

Iq Student Accommodation

bidder

Blackstone Group

£4,660m

54 dealmakers

MajorityAcquisitionPrivatePrivate EquityCross Border

Entertainment

target

The Ironman Group

bidder

Orkila Capital

£544m

28 dealmakers

AcquisitionMajorityPrivate

FinTech

target

KABBAGE

bidder

American Express

value n/a

24 dealmakers

Private EquityMajorityAcquisitionPrivateDisposal

target

ECOONLINE

bidder

Summa Equity

value n/a

27 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivateMinorityCross BorderPrivate Equity

Specialty Retailers

target

Knoll

bidder

INVESTINDUSTRIAL

£126m

22 dealmakers

Private EquityCross BorderAcquisitionPrivateMinority

Marine Transportation

target

Viking Cruises

bidder

Canada Pension Plan Investment Board

£379m

17 dealmakers

PrivateAcquisitionMajorityDomestic

Gaming

target

POWERA

bidder

Acco Brands Corp

£300m

26 dealmakers

Electronic Equipment: Gauges and Meters

Private EquityMajorityAcquisitionCross BorderPrivatisationPublicScheme

target

Calisen

bidder

BLACKROCK

£1,434m

69 dealmakers

Telecommunications Equipment

AcquisitionMajorityCross BorderTender OfferPublicPrivate EquityPrivatisation

target

Tele Columbus

bidder

Morgan Stanley Infrastructure Partners

£350m

46 dealmakers

AcquisitionCross BorderMajorityPrivatePrivate Equity

Containers and Packaging

target

TRICORBRAUN

bidder

Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan Board

value n/a

79 dealmakers

South Korea

PrivateCross BorderMajorityAcquisition

target

HYPERCONNECT

bidder

Match Group

£1,251m

33 dealmakers

Sweden

PrivateCross BorderAcquisitionPrivate EquityMajority

target

ADVANIA

bidder

Goldman Sachs (merchant Banking Division)

value n/a

38 dealmakers

Electronic Components and Equipment

DomesticPrivateAcquisitionPrivate EquityMajority

target

WATLOW

bidder

Tinicum

value n/a

31 dealmakers

Cyprus

Real Estate Holding and Development

Cross BorderAcquisitionMajorityPrivatePrivate Equity

target

Oikos Group

bidder

Goldman Sachs

value n/a

72 dealmakers

China

DomesticMajorityPrivateAcquisition

target

Yanfeng Adient Seating

bidder

Yanfeng Automotive Trim Systems

£1,074m

19 dealmakers

MinorityAcquisitionVenture CapitalPrivateCross BorderPrivate Equity

target

STRIPE

bidder

Allianz X

£430m

28 dealmakers

Sweden

Cross BorderMajorityPrivate EquityPrivateAcquisition

target

OURIGINAL

bidder

TURNITIN

value n/a

6 dealmakers

Denmark

Electronic Components and Equipment

Private EquityCross BorderPrivateMajorityAcquisition

target

Trackunit Aps

bidder

Hg Capital

value n/a

30 dealmakers

PrivateMajorityDomesticAcquisitionPrivate Equity

target

TALENTSOFT

bidder

Cegid Group

value n/a

36 dealmakers

MajorityPublicDomesticAcquisitionPrivate Equity

Specialty Retailers

target

Knoll

bidder

Herman Miller

£1,299m

64 dealmakers

Sweden

Real Estate Services

Private EquityTender OfferAcquisitionCross BorderMajorityPublic

target

ADAPTEO

bidder

Goldman Sachs Asset Management

£688m

48 dealmakers

Electronic Components and Equipment

DomesticPrivateMajorityAcquisitionPrivate Equity

target

NAVICO

bidder

Brunswick Corporation

£752m

57 dealmakers

DomesticPrivate EquityMajorityAcquisitionPrivate

Food Products

target

Brill

bidder

Rise Baking Company

value n/a

24 dealmakers

AcquisitionMajorityPrivate EquityCross BorderPrivate

Security Equipment

target

Lloyd's Register (business Assurance And Cyber Security Division)

bidder

Goldman Sachs Asset Management

value n/a

38 dealmakers

Private EquityAcquisitionDomesticMajorityPrivate

target

Oxford Global Resources

bidder

Hig Capital

£379m

23 dealmakers

Cross BorderMajorityPrivate EquityAcquisitionPrivate

target

PAREXEL

bidder

Goldman Sachs Asset Management

£6,165m

57 dealmakers

DomesticAcquisitionMajorityPrivate

Management Consulting

target

Avaap (infor Business)

bidder

Asgn

£62m

5 dealmakers

AcquisitionMajorityCross BorderPrivatePrivate Equity

Health Care Services

target

Amedes Holding

bidder

Omers Infrastructure

£1,278m

94 dealmakers

AcquisitionCross BorderPrivateMajorityPrivate Equity

target

VISOLIT

bidder

ADVANIA

value n/a

35 dealmakers

Australia

Integrated Oil and Gas

DomesticPrivateMergerAcquisitionMajority

target

Bhp Group (oil And Gas Business)

bidder

Woodside Energy Group

£20,394m

66 dealmakers

Netherlands

Asset Managers and Custodians

AcquisitionPrivateMajorityCross Border

target

Nn Investment Partners

bidder

Goldman Sachs

£1,447m

73 dealmakers

DomesticMinorityAcquisitionPrivatePrivate Equity

Engineering Consulting

target

Priority Power Management

bidder

Oaktree Capital Management

£182m

44 dealmakers

Private EquityMajorityAcquisitionCross BorderPrivate

Pharmaceuticals

target

Hra Pharma

bidder

Perrigo Company

£1,515m

54 dealmakers

Tender OfferPublicMinorityAcquisitionPrivatisationDomestic

Construction Services

target

Nippo Corporation

bidder

Nogizaka Holdings

£1,278m

8 dealmakers

Cross BorderMajorityPublicAcquisition

Casinos and Gambling

target

ENTAIN

bidder

Draftkings

£16,374m

28 dealmakers

Telecommunications infrastructure

Cross BorderPrivateAcquisitionMinorityPrivate Equity

target

Cityfibre Infrastructure Holdings

bidder

Mubadala Investment Company

£825m

26 dealmakers

MajorityDomesticPrivate EquityPrivateAcquisition

Insurance Brokers

target

Aston Lark

bidder

Howden Group

£1,100m

12 dealmakers

Chile

Copper

PrivateCross BorderAcquisitionMinorityInfrastructure

target

Sierra Gorda

bidder

South32

£1,613m

14 dealmakers

Netherlands

Food Products

AcquisitionPrivatePrivate EquityDisposalMajorityCross Border

target

Continental Bakeries

bidder

Platinum Equity

value n/a

38 dealmakers

PrivatePrivate EquityAcquisitionCross BorderMajority

FinTech

target

Trading Technologies

bidder

Cboe Global Markets

value n/a

17 dealmakers

Portugal

Energy / Utility Services

AcquisitionCross BorderMinorityPrivatePrivate Equity

target

Constructel Visabeira

bidder

Goldman Sachs Asset Management

£168m

110 dealmakers

Austria

Building Materials: Other

Cross BorderMajorityAcquisitionPrivate

target

FLUENCE

bidder

SIGNIFY

£205m

28 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivatePrivate EquityDomesticMinority

Hedge Funds

target

Citadel Securities

bidder

Sequoia Capital

£846m

37 dealmakers

Thailand

Iron and Steel

MajorityPrivateAcquisitionCross Border

target

G Steel Public Company

bidder

Nippon Steel Corporation

£560m

18 dealmakers

Hong Kong

Third Party Logistics (3PL)

PrivateMajorityAcquisitionCross BorderPrivate Equity

target

Elevate

bidder

LRQA

value n/a

41 dealmakers

Finland

MajorityPrivatePrivate EquityAcquisitionCross Border

target

VALTTI

bidder

ADVANIA

value n/a

30 dealmakers

Cross BorderPrivateAcquisitionMajority

Luxury Items

target

Maui Jim

bidder

Kering

£1,258m

33 dealmakers

Canada

General Mining

MajorityCross BorderPublicAcquisitionPrivatisation

target

Turquoise Hill

bidder

Rio Tinto

£2,520m

35 dealmakers

PublicAcquisitionMajorityCross Border

target

DATTO

bidder

Tpg Capital

£4,756m

33 dealmakers

MinorityPublicAcquisitionCross Border

Cable Television

target

Vodafone Group

bidder

Etisalat By E& (emirates Telecommunications Corporation)

£3,600m

19 dealmakers

Private EquityPrivateAcquisitionMajorityDomestic

Private Equity

target

Allianz (us Asset Management Business)

bidder

Voya Financial

value n/a

23 dealmakers

Netherlands

Pharmaceuticals

AcquisitionMajorityCross BorderPrivatePrivate Equity

target

Norgine

bidder

Goldman Sachs Asset Management

£1,533m

80 dealmakers

MajorityJoint VenturePrivateCross Border

Residential REITs

target

Sojitz / Goldman Sachs Joint Venture

bidder

Goldman Sachs

£11m

4 dealmakers

Asset Managers and Custodians

AcquisitionPrivate EquityMajorityCross BorderPrivate

target

Alcentra Capital Corporation

bidder

Franklin Templeton Investments Corporation

value n/a

31 dealmakers

Electronic Equipment: Gauges and Meters

Cross BorderMajorityPrivateAcquisition

target

EUROTHERM

bidder

WATLOW

value n/a

66 dealmakers

Spain

Textile Products

MinorityCross BorderAcquisitionPrivatePrivate Equity

target

Recover Textile Systems

bidder

Goldman Sachs Asset Management

£79m

9 dealmakers

Israel

Defense

MajorityPublicCross BorderAcquisitionMerger

target

Rada Electronic Industries

bidder

Leonardo Drs

value n/a

32 dealmakers

Cross BorderAcquisitionMajorityPrivatePrivate Equity

Railroad Equipment

target

Vtg

bidder

Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (adia)

£4,389m

165 dealmakers

Telecommunications infrastructure

Private EquityAcquisitionCross BorderPrivateMinority

target

Cityfibre Infrastructure Holdings

bidder

Mubadala Investment Company

£300m

6 dealmakers

MajorityDomesticAcquisitionMergerPrivate

Security Equipment

target

PERIMETERX

bidder

White Ops (human Security)

value n/a

33 dealmakers

Cross BorderMajorityAcquisitionPrivate

Digital Services

target

LYNQTECH

bidder

Hanwha Q Cells Co

value n/a

32 dealmakers

AcquisitionTender OfferCross BorderMajorityPublic

Machinery: Industrial

target

Slm Solutions Group

bidder

Nikon Corporation

£537m

68 dealmakers

GuernseySingapore

Diversified Financials

target

Credit Suisse (credit Suisse Trust Business In Guernsey, Singapore And The Bahamas)

bidder

Bank Of Nt Butterfield & Son

value n/a

20 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivatisationPublicCross BorderMajority

target

Myovant Sciences

bidder

Sumitovant Biopharma

£1,521m

32 dealmakers

Telecommunications Services: Other

MajorityAcquisitionPrivateDomestic

target

Viasat (link 16 Tactical Data Links Business)

bidder

L3harris Technologies

£1,754m

42 dealmakers

AcquisitionMajorityPrivateDomestic

Clothing and Accessories

target

TARGUS

bidder

B. Riley Financial

£220m

17 dealmakers

PrivateMinorityAcquisitionDomesticPrivate Equity

Media Agencies

target

Wasserman Media Group

bidder

Providence Equity Partners

value n/a

30 dealmakers

FinlandFinland

Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO)

PublicPrivate EquityAcquisitionCross BorderTender OfferMajority

target

CAVERION

bidder

Triton Partners

£1,084m

74 dealmakers

Switzerland

Consumer Lending

Private EquityPrivateAcquisitionMajorityCross Border

target

Credit Suisse (securitized Products Group)

bidder

Apollo Global Management

value n/a

33 dealmakers

Energy / Utility Services

MajorityPrivate EquityAcquisitionPrivateCross Border

target

MAPLECO

bidder

Calisen

value n/a

32 dealmakers

Singapore

Payments / Commerce

MinorityPrivateCross BorderAcquisition

target

PARTIOR

bidder

Standard Chartered Bank

value n/a

17 dealmakers

AcquisitionMajorityDomesticPrivate

Entertainment

target

Bamtech

bidder

The Walt Disney Company

£747m

15 dealmakers

MajorityPrivateAcquisitionCross Border

Automobiles

target

Voltaira Group

bidder

Foxconn Interconnect Technology

£165m

29 dealmakers

Conventional Electricity

target

Abb (power Conversion Division)

bidder

Acbel Polytech

£397m

41 dealmakers

DomesticPrivateAcquisitionMajorityPrivate Equity

Digital Services

target

Cprime

bidder

Everstone Capital

value n/a

5 dealmakers

Switzerland

Investment Banking

DomesticAcquisitionPublicMajority

target

Credit Suisse

bidder

Ubs

£2,658m

156 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivateMajorityDomestic

target

AUMNI

bidder

Jp Morgan Chase & Co

value n/a

36 dealmakers

PrivateDomesticPrivate EquityAcquisitionMinority

Integrated Oil and Gas

target

Jefferson County Port Arthur Lng Phase 1 Project

bidder

Kkr & Co

value n/a

17 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivate EquityDomesticPrivateMinority

Integrated Oil and Gas

target

Sempra (port Arthur Lng Project)

bidder

Kkr & Co

value n/a

61 dealmakers

PrivatisationPublicMajorityAcquisitionDomesticPrivate Equity

Diversified Retailers

target

Franchise Group

bidder

B. Riley Financial

£1,319m

53 dealmakers

AcquisitionMajorityCross BorderPrivate EquityMandatory OfferPublic

Marine Transportation

target

FROY

bidder

Goldman Sachs Asset Management

£481m

54 dealmakers

Brazil

General Mining

Private EquityAcquisitionCross BorderMajorityPrivate

target

Atlantic Nickel

bidder

Acg Acquisition Company

£794m

40 dealmakers

AcquisitionCross BorderMajorityPrivatisationPublicPrivate Equity

target

KAHOOT

bidder

Goldman Sachs Asset Management

£1,310m

44 dealmakers

Colombia

Life Insurance

AcquisitionCross BorderMinorityPrivate

target

Grupo Sura

bidder

Ihc Capital Holding

value n/a

19 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivateCross BorderMajority

target

Zf Chassis Modules

bidder

Foxconn Technology

£432m

46 dealmakers

Private EquityDomesticAcquisitionMajorityPrivate

Restaurants and Bars

target

Fogo De Chao

bidder

Bain Capital

value n/a

32 dealmakers

Cross BorderMajorityAcquisitionPrivate

Entertainment

target

Csm Sport And Entertainment

bidder

Wasserman Media Group

value n/a

22 dealmakers

AcquisitionDomesticMinorityPrivate

General Mining

target

Cornish Lithium

bidder

Uk Infrastructure Bank

£53m

31 dealmakers

PrivateAcquisitionCross BorderMajorityPrivate Equity

Hotels and Motels

target

Daiwa House (portfolio Of 27 Resort Hotels)

bidder

Sc Capital Partners

£688m

5 dealmakers

TaiwanTurkey

Cement

MajorityAcquisitionJoint VentureCross BorderPrivatePrivate Equity

target

Taiwan Cement/ Oyak Joint Venture

bidder

Taiwan Cement

value n/a

6 dealmakers

Portugal

Cement

AcquisitionMinorityCross BorderPrivate EquityPublic

target

Cimpor Portugal

bidder

Taiwan Cement

£411m

11 dealmakers

Greece

Marine Transportation

target

Capital Product Partners

bidder

Yoda

£125m

9 dealmakers

AcquisitionDomesticMajorityPublic

Diversified Financials

target

Discover Financial Services

bidder

Capital One Financial Corporation

£28,011m

47 dealmakers

AcquisitionCross BorderPrivateMajorityPrivate Equity

Private Equity

target

W Capital Partners

bidder

Axa Investment Managers

value n/a

33 dealmakers

MajorityPrivateDomesticPrivate EquityAcquisition

Security Services

target

Kidde-fenwal

bidder

Pacific Avenue Capital Partners

value n/a

48 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivateMinorityDomestic

target

Fenics Markets Xchange

bidder

Barclays

value n/a

44 dealmakers

AcquisitionCross BorderPrivate EquityMajorityPrivate

Environmental Consulting

target

Adler & Allan

bidder

Goldman Sachs Alternatives

value n/a

61 dealmakers

Asset Managers and Custodians

AcquisitionCross BorderPrivateDisposalMajorityPrivate Equity

target

Groupe Crystal

bidder

Goldman Sachs Alternatives

value n/a

36 dealmakers

Real Estate Holding and Development

PrivatisationAcquisitionCross BorderMajorityPublicTender Offer

target

Nihon Housing

bidder

Goldman Sachs

£395m

4 dealmakers

PrivateAcquisitionMajorityCross Border

Pharmaceuticals

target

Idt Biologika

bidder

Sk Bioscience

£192m

37 dealmakers

Cross BorderMajorityAcquisitionPublicPrivate EquityPrivatisation

target

Auto-kabel Group

bidder

Foxconn Interconnect Technology

value n/a

18 dealmakers

Bermuda

Reinsurance

target

Enstar Group

bidder

Sixth Street Partners

£3,963m

97 dealmakers

PrivateAcquisitionCross BorderMinorityPrivate Equity

Luxury Items

target

Sotheby's

bidder

Abu Dhabi Development Corporation (adq)

£784m

70 dealmakers

Tender OfferCross BorderAcquisitionMajorityPublic

Tobacco

target

Vector Group

bidder

Japan Tobacco

£1,844m

89 dealmakers

AcquisitionPrivatisationCross BorderPublicMajority

Machinery: Industrial

target

Manitex International

bidder

Tadano

£170m

21 dealmakers